
import os
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from statsmodels.tsa.arima_model import ARIMA
from statsmodels.graphics.tsaplots import plot_acf
from statsmodels.graphics.tsaplots import plot_pacf
from statsmodels.tsa.vector_ar.var_model import VAR
from statsmodels.tsa.stattools import adfuller
from datetime import datetime
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingRegressor

from tqdm.auto import tqdm
from statsmodels.tsa.stattools import adfuller
import statsmodels.graphics.tsaplots as spl
import statsmodels.graphics.gofplots as gpl
import scipy.stats as ss

import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import yfinance as yf
plt.style.use("bmh")
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'DejaVu Sans'

import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

from arch import arch_model 

np.random.seed(42)


bonds_file_names = ['/SU26205RMFS3_rates.csv', 
                 '/SU26209RMFS5_rates.csv',
                 '/SU26212RMFS9_rates.csv',
                 '/SU26215RMFS2_rates.csv', 
                 '/SU26217RMFS8_rates.csv']

bonds_names = [x[1:len('SU26209RMFS5')+1] for x in bonds_file_names]

shares_file_names = ["/SBER.ME.csv", 
                  '/GAZP.ME.csv', 
                  '/YNDX.ME.csv',
                  '/MGNT.ME.csv', 
                  '/GMKN.ME.csv',
                  '/MTSS.ME.csv', 
                  '/PIKK.ME.csv', 
                  '/AFLT.ME.csv', 
                  '/POLY.ME.csv', 
                  '/RSTI.ME.csv']

shares_names = [x[1:5] for x in shares_file_names]

currencies_file_names = ['/D_USD.csv',
                      '/D_CNY.csv']

currencies_names = [x[3:6] for x in currencies_file_names]

risks_file_names = ['/IMOEX.ME.csv',
                    '/BZ=F.csv',
                    '/RTS.csv',
                   '/JPY.csv',
                    '/EUR.csv',
                    '/GBP.csv']   

risks_names = [x.split('/')[1].split('.csv')[0] for x in risks_file_names]

bonds_folder = 'bonds'
shares_folder = 'shares'
currencies_folder = 'currencies'
risks_folder = 'risk_factors'

bonds = [bonds_folder + x for x in bonds_file_names]
shares = [shares_folder + x for x in shares_file_names]
currencies = [currencies_folder + x for x in currencies_file_names]
risks = [risks_folder + x for x in risks_file_names]
zero_bonds = risks_folder + '/zero_bonds.csv'
metals = risks_folder + '/refined_precious_metals.xlsx'


def load_df(bonds=bonds, bonds_names=bonds_names, 
            shares=shares, shares_names=shares_names,
            currencies=currencies, currencies_names=currencies_names,
            risks=risks, risks_names=risks_names,
            zero_bonds=zero_bonds, metals=metals):
#     Основной df
    main_df = pd.read_csv(bonds[0], index_col='<DATE>')
    main_df.index = pd.to_datetime(main_df.index, format='%Y%m%d')
    main_df = main_df[[]]
    main_df.index.names = ['Date']
#     Загрузка облигаций
    for i in range(len(bonds)):
        df = pd.read_csv(bonds[i], index_col='<DATE>')
        df.index = pd.to_datetime(df.index, format='%Y%m%d')
        df = df[['<CLOSE>']].rename(columns={'<CLOSE>': bonds_names[i]})
        df.index.names = ['Date']
        main_df = main_df.join(df, how='left', on='Date')
#     Загрузка акций
    for i in range(len(shares)):
        df = pd.read_csv(shares[i], index_col='Date')
        df.index = pd.to_datetime(df.index)
        df = df[['Adj Close']].rename(columns={'Adj Close': shares_names[i]})
        main_df = main_df.join(df, how='left', on='Date')
#     Загрузка валют
    for i in range(len(currencies)):
        df = pd.read_csv(currencies[i], index_col='Date')
        df.index = pd.to_datetime(df.index)
        df = df[['Adj Close']].rename(columns={'Adj Close': currencies_names[i]})
        main_df = main_df.join(df, how='left', on='Date')
#     Загрузка рисков
    for i in range(len(risks)):
        df = pd.read_csv(risks[i], index_col='Date')
        df.index = pd.to_datetime(df.index)
        df = df[['Adj Close']].rename(columns={'Adj Close': risks_names[i]})
        main_df = main_df.join(df, how='left', on='Date')
#     Загрузка металлов
    df = pd.read_excel(metals, index_col='Date')
    df.index = pd.to_datetime(df.index)
    main_df = main_df.join(df, how='left', on='Date')

#     Загрузка zero_bonds
    df = pd.read_csv(zero_bonds, index_col='Date')
    df.index = pd.to_datetime(df.index)
    main_df = main_df.join(df, how='left', on='Date')

#     Заполнение пропусков
    main_df.fillna(method='ffill', inplace=True)
    main_df.fillna(method='backfill', inplace=True)

    return main_df


prices = load_df()

bonds = prices.iloc[:, 0:5]
shares = prices.iloc[:, 5:15]
currencies = prices.iloc[:, 15:17]
risk_factors = prices.iloc[:, 17:]


def plot_cor_matrix(risk_factors: pd.DataFrame) -> None:
    corr_matrix = risk_factors.corr()
    
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(14, 14))
    ax = plt.subplot()
    
    sns.heatmap(corr_matrix, annot=True)
    
    plt.show()


plot_cor_matrix(risk_factors)


def risk_factor_describe(risk_factor: pd.Series) -> None:
    risk_factor_name = risk_factor.name
    print(f"{'=' * 10} {risk_factor_name.upper()} {'=' * 10}")
    print(f"mean: {np.round(np.mean(risk_factor), 2)}")
    print(f"std: {np.round(np.std(risk_factor), 2)}")
    print(f"min: {np.round(np.min(risk_factor), 2)}")
    print(f"max: {np.round(np.max(risk_factor), 2)}")
    adfuller_pv = adfuller(risk_factor)[1]
    print(
        f"The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: {adfuller_pv}, "
        f"series is {'non ' if adfuller_pv >= 0.05 else ''}stationary"
    )
    risk_factor_change = np.log(risk_factor).diff().iloc[1:]
    adfuller_pv = adfuller(risk_factor_change)[1]
    print(
        f"The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: {adfuller_pv}, "
        f"series is {'non ' if adfuller_pv >= 0.05 else ''}stationary"
    )
    _, norm_pv = ss.shapiro(risk_factor_change)
    print(
        f"The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: {norm_pv}, "
        f"series is {'' if norm_pv >= 0.05 else 'non '}normal"
    )
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(15, 15))
    
    ax = plt.subplot(511)
    sns.lineplot(x=risk_factor.index, y=risk_factor, ax=ax)
    plt.title('Price')
    
    ax = plt.subplot(512)
    sns.lineplot(x=risk_factor_change.index, y=risk_factor_change, ax=ax)
    plt.title('Price percent change')
    
    ax = plt.subplot(525)
    spl.plot_acf(risk_factor_change, lags=20, ax=ax)
    
    ax = plt.subplot(526)
    spl.plot_pacf(risk_factor_change, lags=20, ax=ax)
    
    ax = plt.subplot(527)
    normal_dist = gpl.ProbPlot(risk_factor_change, fit=True)
    normal_dist.qqplot(line='r', ax=ax)
    plt.title('Q-Q')
    
    ax = plt.subplot(528)
    normal_dist.ppplot(line='45', ax=ax)
    plt.title('P-P')
    
    ax = plt.subplot(529)
    normal_dist.probplot(line='r', ax=ax)
    plt.title('Prob')
    
    ax = plt.subplot(5, 2, 10)
    sns.distplot(risk_factor_change, ax=ax, label='true', norm_hist=True, kde=False)
    plt.title('Distribution')
    
    params_norm = ss.norm.fit(risk_factor_change)
    params_t = ss.t.fit(risk_factor_change)
    vals, grid, _ = ax.hist(risk_factor_change, 50, density=True, color='blue')
    ax.plot(grid, ss.norm(*params_norm).pdf(grid), label='norm')
    ax.plot(grid, ss.t(*params_t).pdf(grid),label='Student')
    
    plt.legend()
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()


for col in risk_factors.columns:
    risk_factor_describe(risk_factors[col])

========== IMOEX.ME ==========
mean: 2478.9
std: 360.04
min: 1817.82
max: 3289.02
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: 0.8341597619769606, series is non stationary
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: 1.6222236112353364e-25, series is stationary
The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: 3.8964872967045697e-28, series is non normal

========== BZ=F ==========
mean: 58.54
std: 12.76
min: 19.33
max: 86.29
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: 0.29558777916016676, series is non stationary
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: 4.899160511490788e-07, series is stationary
The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: 1.8850017623074667e-35, series is non normal

========== RTS ==========
mean: 1208.12
std: 133.8
min: 832.26
max: 1646.6
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: 0.2724882464435697, series is non stationary
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: 3.303404341708835e-19, series is stationary
The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: 1.7915367690328323e-37, series is non normal

========== JPY ==========
mean: 0.56
std: 0.03
min: 0.5
max: 0.64
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: 0.21231121567861028, series is non stationary
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: 1.205409046415594e-25, series is stationary
The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: 1.2512403652192727e-23, series is non normal

========== EUR ==========
mean: 70.47
std: 4.0
min: 59.57
max: 81.81
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: 0.24174034466135724, series is non stationary
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: 0.0, series is stationary
The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: 6.021887063064245e-25, series is non normal

========== GBP ==========
mean: 80.67
std: 4.09
min: 69.6
max: 91.88
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: 0.15797404042581398, series is non stationary
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: 0.0, series is stationary
The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: 2.9390716711128583e-21, series is non normal

========== GOLD ==========
mean: 2983.32
std: 746.72
min: 2232.16
max: 4887.7
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: 0.970707983245699, series is non stationary
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: 5.603819012885486e-30, series is stationary
The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: 3.6942589349393875e-29, series is non normal

========== ARGENT ==========
mean: 36.29
std: 9.17
min: 29.51
max: 68.34
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: 0.943344377504336, series is non stationary
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: 2.831574317955673e-11, series is stationary
The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: 1.2357259466744523e-32, series is non normal

========== PLATINE ==========
mean: 1848.12
std: 170.84
min: 1522.76
max: 2473.81
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: 0.950871410902307, series is non stationary
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: 3.5592267710500554e-27, series is stationary
The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: 2.853462578111193e-32, series is non normal

========== PALLADIUM ==========
mean: 2999.15
std: 1393.67
min: 1379.06
max: 6098.86
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, p-value: 0.9819060821375514, series is non stationary
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for pct change, p-value: 9.595576564741633e-25, series is stationary
The Shapiro–Wilk test, p-value: 1.5966714053280207e-33, series is non normal


def get_log(df) -> pd.DataFrame:
    df_log = df.copy()
    for col in df_log.columns:
            df_log[col] = np.log(df_log[col]).diff()
    return df_log.dropna()


def gbm_sim_for_log_diff(PCA, T=10, N=1000): 
    ''' Generate Monte Carlo paths for geometric Brownian motion
    PCAs: DataFrame of noncorrelated features
    T: period for prediction
    N: num of simularions
    Returns
    =======
    paths : ndarray, shape (T, N)
        simulated paths given the parameters
    '''
    
    return np.vstack((np.full((1, N), fill_value=PCA.iloc[-1]), np.random.normal(loc=PCA.mean(), scale=np.std(PCA), size=(T, N))))


def gbm_sim_for_log_diff_t_dist(PCA, T, N): 
    from scipy.stats import t
    ''' Generate Monte Carlo paths for geometric Brownian motion
    PCAs: DataFrame of noncorrelated features
    T: period for prediction
    N: num of simularions
    Returns
    =======
    paths : ndarray, shape (T, N)
        simulated paths given the parameters
    '''
    df, loc, scale = t.fit(PCA)
    return np.vstack((np.full((1, N), fill_value=PCA.iloc[-1]), t.rvs(df, loc, scale, size=(T, N))))


def get_plot_simulation(array, df) -> None:
    for i, col in enumerate(df.columns):
        plt.figure(figsize=(9,6))
        plt.xlim(-0.05, array.shape[1]-1)
        plt.title(col, size=18)
        plt.xlabel('time', size=14)
        plt.ylabel('price', size=14)
        plt.plot(array[i])
        plt.show()


plot_cor_matrix(get_log(risk_factors))


# risk_factors.columns


interest_rates = risk_factors[['0.25', '0.5', '0.75', 
                              '1', '2', '3', '5', '7', 
                              '10', '15', '20', '30']]
ir_log = get_log(interest_rates)


sns.heatmap(ir_log.corr())
plt.title('Корреляция процентных ставок')
plt.show()


for n in range(ir_log.shape[1]-6):
    dim_red = PCA(n_components = n + 1, random_state=42)
    dim_red.fit(ir_log)
    print(" {} component(s)\n explained variance: {}\n".format(n + 1, np.sum(dim_red.explained_variance_ratio_)))

 1 component(s)
 explained variance: 0.6780849292951865

 2 component(s)
 explained variance: 0.9088894837712045

 3 component(s)
 explained variance: 0.9669646967686475

 4 component(s)
 explained variance: 0.9874861187245191

 5 component(s)
 explained variance: 0.9949896795651655

 6 component(s)
 explained variance: 0.9976056959943999


PCA_ir = PCA(n_components=3, random_state=42)
ir_pca = pd.DataFrame(PCA_ir.fit_transform(ir_log), 
                      columns=['ir_comp_1', 'ir_comp_2', 'ir_comp_3'])


sim_ir_vas = []
for col in ir_pca.columns:
    sim = gbm_sim_for_log_diff(ir_pca[col], T=10, N=100)
    sim_ir_vas.append(sim)
sim_ir_vas = np.array(sim_ir_vas)


get_plot_simulation(sim_ir_vas, ir_pca)


metal = risk_factors[['Gold', 'Argent', 'Platine', 'Palladium']]
metal_log = get_log(metal)


metal = risk_factors[['Gold', 'Argent', 'Platine', 'Palladium']]
metal_log = get_log(metal)

sim_met = []
for col in metal_log.columns:
    sim = gbm_sim_for_log_diff(metal_log[col])
    sim_met.append(sim)
sim_met = np.array(sim_met)


get_plot_simulation(sim_met, metal_log)


idx_df = risk_factors[['IMOEX.ME', 'RTS']]
idx_df_log = get_log(idx_df)


sim_idx = []
for col in idx_df_log.columns:
    sim = gbm_sim_for_log_diff(idx_df_log[col], T=10, N=100)
    sim_idx.append(sim)
sim_idx = np.array(sim_idx)


get_plot_simulation(sim_idx, idx_df_log[['IMOEX.ME']])

get_plot_simulation(sim_idx, idx_df_log[['RTS']])


cur_oil = risk_factors[['BZ=F', 'JPY', 'EUR', 'GBP']]
cur_oil_log = get_log(cur_oil)


sns.heatmap(cur_oil_log.corr())
plt.show()


pca_dim = PCA(n_components = 2, random_state=42)
cur_oil_pca = pd.DataFrame(pca_dim.fit_transform(cur_oil_log), columns=['cur_oil_comp_1', 'cur_oil_comp_2'])
print("Explained variance ratio: {}".format(np.sum(pca_dim.explained_variance_ratio_)))

Explained variance ratio: 0.9704124318007362


sim_cur_oil = []
for col in cur_oil_pca.columns:
    sim = gbm_sim_for_log_diff(cur_oil_pca[col])
    sim_cur_oil.append(sim)
sim_cur_oil = np.array(sim_cur_oil)


get_plot_simulation(sim_cur_oil, cur_oil_pca)


pca = PCA(n_components = 2, random_state=42)
reduced_indexes = pca.fit_transform(idx_df_log)
print(np.sum(pca.explained_variance_ratio_))
reduced_curr_oil = pca.fit_transform(cur_oil_log)
print(np.sum(pca.explained_variance_ratio_))
reduced_rates = pca.fit_transform(ir_log)
print(np.sum(pca.explained_variance_ratio_))
reduced_metal = pca.fit_transform(metal_log)
print(np.sum(pca.explained_variance_ratio_))

1.0
0.9704124318007362
0.9088894837712045
0.8558776828045839


reduced_data = pd.DataFrame(np.hstack([reduced_indexes, reduced_curr_oil, reduced_rates, reduced_metal]), 
                            columns=['reduced_indexes_1', 'reduced_indexes_2', 
                                     'reduced_curr_oil_1', 'reduced_curr_oil_2', 
                                     'reduced_rates_1', 'reduced_rates_2', 
                                     'reduced_metal_1', 'reduced_metal_2',], 
                            index=idx_df_log.index)


reduced_data.diff().dropna().plot(figsize=(20, 8))
plt.show()


fig, ax = plt.subplots(len(reduced_data.columns), 1, figsize=(8, 24))
for i, col in enumerate(reduced_data.columns):
    r = reduced_data[col].diff().dropna()
    params_norm = ss.norm.fit(r)
    params_t = ss.t.fit(r)
    vals, grid, _ = ax[i].hist(r, 50, density=True)
    ax[i].plot(grid, ss.norm(*params_norm).pdf(grid), label='norm')
    ax[i].plot(grid, ss.t(*params_t).pdf(grid),label='Student');
    ax[i].legend()
    ax[i].set_title(f'Распределение\nreduced_data[{col}].diff()')
    plt.tight_layout()


obligation_coupons_files = ['bonds\SU26205RMFS3.csv', 'bonds\SU26209RMFS5.csv', 'bonds\SU26212RMFS9.csv', 
                            'bonds\SU26215RMFS2.csv', 'bonds\SU26217RMFS8.csv']
def payment_per_day_bonds(obligation_coupons_files=obligation_coupons_files):

    obligation_coupons = []
    for i in range(len(obligation_coupons_files)):
        obligation_coupon = pd.read_csv(obligation_coupons_files[i])
        obligation_coupon.date = pd.to_datetime(obligation_coupon.date)
        days = (obligation_coupon[['date']].iloc[-2] \
                - obligation_coupon[['date']].iloc[-3]).values[0].astype('timedelta64[D]').astype(int)
        payment_per_day = obligation_coupon['payment'].iloc[-2] / days
        obligation_coupons.append(payment_per_day)

    return np.round(obligation_coupons, 5)


def calculate_portfolio_distribution(bonds=bonds, 
                                     shares=shares, 
                                     currencies=currencies):
    
    dirty_bonds = bonds + payment_per_day_bonds()
    df_for_portfolio = dirty_bonds.join((shares, currencies), how='left')
    
    position_0 = np.array([10e6] * 5 + [1e6] * 10 + [10e6] * 2)
    day_prices = df_for_portfolio.iloc[0] 
    true_qty = position_0 / day_prices
    qty = np.round(position_0 / day_prices, 0).astype(int)
    portfolio_qty_shares_true = (true_qty * day_prices) / (true_qty * day_prices).sum()
    
    all_qty = qty
    all_price = day_prices
    
    for t in range(1, df_for_portfolio.shape[0]):
        day_prices = df_for_portfolio.iloc[t-1]
        wts = (qty * day_prices) / np.sum(qty * day_prices)
        delta_wts = portfolio_qty_shares_true / wts
        qty = np.round(qty * delta_wts, 0).astype(int)
        all_qty = np.vstack((all_qty, qty))
        all_price = np.vstack((all_price, day_prices))
    
    number_of_assets = pd.DataFrame(all_qty, columns=df_for_portfolio.columns, index=dirty_bonds.index)
    prices_of_assets = pd.DataFrame(all_price, columns=df_for_portfolio.columns, index=dirty_bonds.index)
    total_sum = pd.DataFrame(all_qty*all_price, columns=df_for_portfolio.columns, index=dirty_bonds.index)
    
    return number_of_assets, prices_of_assets, total_sum


sum_portfolio


number_of_assets, prices_of_assets, sum_portfolio = calculate_portfolio_distribution()


num_bonds = number_of_assets.iloc[:, 0:5]
num_shares = number_of_assets.iloc[:, 5:15]
num_currencies = number_of_assets.iloc[:, 15:17] 

bonds_ = prices_of_assets.iloc[:, 0:5]
shares_ = prices_of_assets.iloc[:, 5:15]
currencies_ = prices_of_assets.iloc[:, 15:17]  

# риск факторы для подпортфелей
rf_bonds = risk_factors[['IMOEX.ME', 'RTS', 'Gold', 'Argent', 'Platine', 'Palladium', 
                         '0.25', '0.5', '0.75', '1', '2', '3', '5', '7', '10', '15', '20', '30']]
rf_shares = rf_bonds.copy()
rf_currencies = risk_factors[['BZ=F', 'JPY', 'EUR', 'GBP']]


num_bonds.plot(figsize=(16, 5))
plt.title('Number of Bonds during investments')
plt.show()

num_shares.drop('RSTI', axis=1).plot(figsize=(16, 5))
plt.title('Number of Shares during investments')
plt.show()

num_currencies.plot(figsize=(16, 5))
plt.title('Number of Currencies during investments')
plt.show()


risk_factors


def get_VaR_ES(data, num_assets, risk_factors, num_sims, L_history = 150, horizon = 1):

    rr = get_log(data).dropna()
 
    risk_factors = get_log(risk_factors).dropna()
    
    w = ((data*num_assets).T/(data*num_assets).sum(axis=1).values).T


    VaR, VaR_for_ES, ES = np.full(rr.shape, np.nan), np.full(rr.shape, np.nan), np.full(rr.shape, np.nan)
    for j, col in enumerate(rr):
        r = rr[col]
        for i in tqdm(range(L_history, len(r)-1)):  
            
            history = r[i - L_history: i+1]
            
            if risk_factors.shape[1] > 4:
                dim_red = PCA(n_components = 5, random_state=42)
                risk_factors_ = risk_factors.iloc[i - L_history: i+1] 
                risk_factors_ = pd.DataFrame(dim_red.fit_transform(risk_factors_), 
                          columns=['ir_comp_1', 'ir_comp_2', 'ir_comp_3', 'ir_comp_4', 'ir_comp_5']) 
            else: 
                dim_red = PCA(n_components = 2, random_state=42)
                risk_factors_ = risk_factors.iloc[i - L_history: i+1] 
                risk_factors_ = pd.DataFrame(dim_red.fit_transform(risk_factors_), 
                          columns=['ir_comp_1', 'ir_comp_2']) 
            paths_dict = dict()
            for col in risk_factors_.columns:
                paths_dict[col] = gbm_sim_for_log_diff(risk_factors_[col], T=horizon, N=num_sims)[-1]
            
            sims = pd.DataFrame(np.array(list(paths_dict.values())).squeeze().T,
                        index=range(num_sims), columns = risk_factors_.columns)
            
            
            GB = GradientBoostingRegressor(random_state=42)
            GB.fit(risk_factors_, history)
            pred = GB.predict(sims)
            
            
            VaR[i, j] = np.quantile(pred, 0.01) 
            VaR_for_ES[i, j] = np.quantile(pred, 0.025)
            ES[i, j] = history[history <= VaR_for_ES[i, j]].mean()

                
    VaR_per_asset = pd.DataFrame(data=VaR, index=rr.index) 
    ES_per_asset = pd.DataFrame(data=ES, index=rr.index)    

    VaR_per_asset.columns = w.columns 
    ES_per_asset.columns = w.columns
    
    VaR = pd.Series(data=(VaR_per_asset * w).sum(axis=1), index=rr.index) 
    ES = pd.Series(data=(ES_per_asset * w).sum(axis=1), index=rr.index)    
    
    
    
    return VaR, ES, VaR_per_asset, ES_per_asset


def plot_VaR_ES(data, VaR, ES, num_assets, L_history=180, plot_title=''):
    
    rr = get_log(data).dropna()
    w = ((data*num_assets).T/(data*num_assets).sum(axis=1).values).T[:-1]
    
    VaR.columns = w.columns
    ES.columns = w.columns
    
    plt.figure(figsize=(16, 8))
    plt.plot(pd.DataFrame((rr * w).sum(axis=1)), alpha=0.4, label='Daily Weighted Log Returns')
    plt.plot(pd.DataFrame((VaR * w).sum(axis=1)[L_history+1:]), color='red', label='VaR')
    plt.plot(pd.DataFrame((ES * w).sum(axis=1)[L_history+1:]), color='blue', label='ES')
    

    plt.title(plot_title)
    plt.legend()
    plt.show()


# 1 день
bonds_VaR_1, bonds_ES_1, bonds_VaR_per_1, bonds_ES_per_1 \
= get_VaR_ES(bonds_, num_bonds, rf_bonds, 200, L_history = 180, horizon=1)


plot_VaR_ES(bonds_, bonds_VaR_per_1, bonds_ES_per_1, num_bonds, L_history=180,
            plot_title ='Log Bonds daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 1')


# 10 дней
bonds_VaR_10, bonds_ES_10, bonds_VaR_per_10, bonds_ES_per_10 \
= get_VaR_ES(bonds_, num_bonds, rf_bonds, 200, L_history = 180, horizon=10)


plot_VaR_ES(bonds_, bonds_VaR_per_10, bonds_ES_per_10, num_bonds, L_history=180,
            plot_title ='Log Bonds daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 10')


# 1 день
shares_VaR_1, shares_ES_1, shares_VaR_per_1, shares_ES_per_1 \
= get_VaR_ES(shares_, num_shares, rf_shares, 200, L_history = 180, horizon=1)


plot_VaR_ES(shares_, shares_VaR_per_1, shares_ES_per_1, num_shares, L_history=180,
            plot_title ='Log Shares daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 1')


# 10 день
shares_VaR_10, shares_ES_10, shares_VaR_per_10, shares_ES_per_10 \
= get_VaR_ES(shares_, num_shares, rf_shares, 200, L_history = 180, horizon = 10 )


plot_VaR_ES(shares_, shares_VaR_per_10, shares_ES_per_10, num_shares, L_history=180,
             plot_title ='Log Shares daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 10')


# 1 день
currencies_VaR_1, currencies_ES_1, currencies_VaR_per_1, currencies_ES_per_1 \
= get_VaR_ES(currencies_, num_currencies, rf_currencies, 200, L_history = 180, horizon=1)


plot_VaR_ES(currencies_, currencies_VaR_per_1, currencies_ES_per_1, num_currencies, L_history=180,
            plot_title ='Log Currencies daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 1')


# 10 день
currencies_VaR_10, currencies_ES_10, currencies_VaR_per_10, currencies_ES_per_10 \
= get_VaR_ES(currencies_, num_currencies, rf_currencies, 200, L_history = 180, horizon=10)


plot_VaR_ES(currencies_, currencies_VaR_per_10, currencies_ES_per_10, num_currencies, L_history=180,
            plot_title ='Log Currencies daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 10')


# 1 день
portfolio_VaR_1, portfolio_ES_1, portfolio_VaR_per_1, portfolio_ES_per_1 \
= get_VaR_ES(prices_of_assets, number_of_assets, risk_factors, 200, L_history = 180, horizon=1)


plot_VaR_ES(prices_of_assets, portfolio_VaR_per_1, portfolio_ES_per_1, number_of_assets, L_history=180,
            plot_title ='Log Shares daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 1')


# 10 день
portfolio_VaR_10, portfolio_ES_10, portfolio_VaR_per_10, portfolio_ES_per_10 \
= get_VaR_ES(prices_of_assets, number_of_assets, risk_factors, 200, L_history = 180, horizon=10)


plot_VaR_ES(prices_of_assets, portfolio_VaR_per_10, portfolio_ES_per_10, number_of_assets, L_history=180,
            plot_title ='Log Shares daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 10')


def calc_VaR_and_ES(r, VaR_fun, L_history=170, level_VaR=0.01, level_ES=0.025, horizon=1):
    VaR, VaR_for_ES, ES = np.full(r.shape[0], np.nan), np.full(r.shape[0], np.nan), np.full(r.shape[0], np.nan)
    
    for i in tqdm(range(L_history, len(r))):
        history = r[i - L_history: i]
        h = np.dot(history, np.array([1/r.shape[1] for x in range(r.shape[1])]))
        VaR[i] = VaR_fun(h, level_VaR, horizon) 
        if VaR[i] < -0.25:
            VaR[i] = VaR[i-3]
        VaR_for_ES[i] = VaR_fun(h, level_ES, horizon) 
        if VaR_for_ES[i] < -0.25:
            VaR[i] = VaR[i-3]
        
        ES[i] = h[h < VaR_for_ES[i]].mean()
    
    VaR = pd.Series(data=VaR, index=r.index, name=VaR_fun.__name__) 
    ES = pd.Series(data=ES, index=r.index, name=VaR_fun.__name__)  
    
    return VaR, ES

def calculate_VaR_HS(ret, alpha=0.01, horizon=1):

    return np.quantile(ret, alpha)

def calculate_VaR_garch(returns, alpha, h=1):
    scaling_const = 10 / returns.std()
    mdl = arch_model(returns * scaling_const,
                    mean='Constant', lags=1, 
                    vol='GARCH', p=1, o=1, 
                    q=1, dist='skewt') 
    
    res = mdl.fit(disp='off', show_warning=False)

    forecasts = res.forecast(horizon=h)
    
    
    cond_mean = float(forecasts.mean.iloc[-1].mean())
    cond_var = float(forecasts.variance.iloc[-1].mean())

    q = mdl.distribution.ppf(alpha, res.params[-2:])

    VaR_garch_forecast = (cond_mean + np.sqrt(cond_var) * q) / scaling_const

    return VaR_garch_forecast


def plot_hist_GARCH(data, data_name, VaR_level=0.01, ES_level=0.025, horizon = (1, 10)):
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 5*len(horizon)))
    
    ret = data.mean(axis=1)
    scaling_const = 10 / ret.std()
    
    mdl = arch_model(y=ret * scaling_const,
                mean='Constant', lags=1, 
                vol='GARCH', p=1, o=1, q=1, 
                dist='skewt') 
    res = mdl.fit(disp = 'off')
    
    for i, h in enumerate(horizon):
        forecasts = res.forecast(horizon=h)
        cond_mean = float(forecasts.mean.iloc[-1].mean())
        cond_var = float(forecasts.variance.iloc[-1].mean())
        
        q_var = mdl.distribution.ppf(VaR_level, res.params[-2:])
        VaR = (cond_mean + np.sqrt(cond_var) * q_var) / scaling_const
        
        q_es = mdl.distribution.ppf(VaR_level, res.params[-2:])
        VaR_for_ES = (cond_mean + np.sqrt(cond_var) * q_es) / scaling_const
        
        ES_garch = ret[ret < VaR_for_ES].mean()
        
        plt.subplot(len(horizon), 1, i+1)
        
        sns.distplot(ret[ret >= VaR], hist=True, kde=False, 
             bins=40,
             hist_kws={'edgecolor':'black'},
             kde_kws={'linewidth': 4})

        sns.distplot(ret[ret < VaR], hist=True, kde=False, 
                     bins=40,
                     hist_kws={'edgecolor':'black'},
                     kde_kws={'linewidth': 4})

        plt.axvline(VaR, linewidth=4, color="r")
        plt.axvline(ES_garch, linewidth=4, color='r', linestyle='dashed')

        plt.title("Histogram of {} daily returns, horizon - {}".format(data_name, h), weight="bold")
        plt.legend(['GARCH VaR for alpha={}%: {:.2f}%'.format(VaR_level, 100*VaR),
                    'GARCH ES for alpha={}%: {:.2f}%'.format(ES_level, 100*ES_garch),
                    'Historical Returns Distribution', 
                    'Returns < VaR'], fontsize=12)


bonds_ret = bonds_.pct_change()
shares_ret = shares_.pct_change()
currencies_ret = currencies_.pct_change()


VaR_bonds_1, ES_bonds_1 = calc_VaR_and_ES(bonds_ret, calculate_VaR_garch, L_history=170, 
                                                    level_VaR=0.01, level_ES=0.025, horizon=1)
VaR_bonds_10, ES_bonds_10 = calc_VaR_and_ES(bonds_ret, calculate_VaR_garch, L_history=170, 
                                                         level_VaR=0.01, level_ES=0.025, horizon=10)


fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 10))

plt.subplot(211)
plt.plot(bonds_ret)
VaR_bonds_1.plot(label = 'VaR via GARCH at alpha - 0.01')
ES_bonds_1.plot(label = 'ES via GARCH at alpha - 0.025')

plt.title("Bonds daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 1", weight="bold")
plt.legend()

plt.subplot(212)
plt.plot(bonds_ret)
VaR_bonds_10.plot(label = 'VaR via GARCH at alpha - 0.01')
ES_bonds_10.plot(label = 'ES via GARCH at alpha - 0.025')

plt.title("Bonds daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 10", weight="bold")
plt.legend()

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()


plot_hist_GARCH(bonds_ret, 'bonds')

E:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\arch\univariate\base.py:708: ConvergenceWarning: The optimizer returned code 4. The message is:
Inequality constraints incompatible
See scipy.optimize.fmin_slsqp for code meaning.

  warnings.warn(


VaR_shares_1, ES_shares_1 = calc_VaR_and_ES(shares_ret, calculate_VaR_garch, L_history=170, 
                                                    level_VaR=0.01, level_ES=0.025, horizon=1)
VaR_shares_10, ES_shares_10 = calc_VaR_and_ES(shares_ret, calculate_VaR_garch, L_history=170, 
                                                         level_VaR=0.01, level_ES=0.025, horizon=10)


fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 10))

plt.subplot(211)
plt.plot(shares_ret)
VaR_shares_1.plot(label = 'VaR via GARCH at alpha - 0.01')
ES_shares_1.plot(label = 'ES via GARCH at alpha - 0.025')

plt.title("Shares daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 1", weight="bold")
plt.legend()

plt.subplot(212)
plt.plot(shares_ret)
VaR_shares_10.plot(label = 'VaR via GARCH at alpha - 0.01')
ES_shares_10.plot(label = 'ES via GARCH at alpha - 0.025')

plt.title("Shares daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 10", weight="bold")
plt.legend()

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()


plot_hist_GARCH(shares_ret, 'shares')

E:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\arch\univariate\base.py:708: ConvergenceWarning: The optimizer returned code 4. The message is:
Inequality constraints incompatible
See scipy.optimize.fmin_slsqp for code meaning.

  warnings.warn(


VaR_currencies_1, ES_currencies_1 = calc_VaR_and_ES(currencies_ret, calculate_VaR_garch, L_history=170, 
                                                    level_VaR=0.01, level_ES=0.025, horizon=1)
VaR_currencies_10, ES_currencies_10 = calc_VaR_and_ES(currencies_ret, calculate_VaR_garch, L_history=170, 
                                                         level_VaR=0.01, level_ES=0.025, horizon=10)


fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 10))

plt.subplot(211)
plt.plot(currencies_ret)
VaR_currencies_1.plot(label = 'VaR via GARCH at alpha - 0.01')
ES_currencies_1.plot(label = 'ES via GARCH at alpha - 0.025')

plt.title("Currencies daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 1", weight="bold")
plt.legend()

plt.subplot(212)
plt.plot(currencies_ret)
VaR_currencies_10.plot(label = 'VaR via GARCH at alpha - 0.01')
ES_currencies_10.plot(label = 'ES via GARCH at alpha - 0.025')

plt.title("Currencies daily returns, VaR and ES curves, horizon - 10", weight="bold")
plt.legend()

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()


plot_hist_GARCH(currencies_ret, 'currencies')

E:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\arch\univariate\base.py:708: ConvergenceWarning: The optimizer returned code 4. The message is:
Inequality constraints incompatible
See scipy.optimize.fmin_slsqp for code meaning.

  warnings.warn(


def bern_test(p, v):
    
    lv = len(v)
    sv = sum(v)
    al = np.log(p)*sv + np.log(1-p)*(lv-sv)
    
    bl = np.log(sv/lv)*sv + np.log(1-sv/lv)*(lv-sv)
    
    return (-2*(al-bl))


def ind_test(V):
    
    J = np.full([len(V),4], 0)
    for i in range(1,len(V)-1):
        J[i,0] = (V[i-1] == 0) & (V[i] == 0)
        J[i,1] = (V[i-1] == 0) & (V[i] == 1)
        J[i,2] = (V[i-1] == 1) & (V[i] == 0)
        J[i,3] = (V[i-1] == 1) & (V[i] == 1)
        
    V_00 = sum(J[:,0])
    V_01 = sum(J[:,1])
    V_10 = sum(J[:,2])
    V_11 = sum(J[:,3])
    p_00=V_00/(V_00+V_01)
    p_01=V_01/(V_00+V_01)
    p_10=V_10/(V_10+V_11)
    p_11=V_11/(V_10+V_11)
    hat_p = (V_01+V_11)/(V_00+V_01+V_10+V_11)
    al = np.log(1-hat_p)*(V_00+V_10) + np.log(hat_p)*(V_01+V_11)
    bl = np.log(p_00)*V_00 + np.log(p_01)*V_01 + np.log(p_10)*V_10 + np.log(p_11)*V_11
    
    return (-2*(al-bl))


def backtest_results(ret, var_curve, alpha, significance=0.95):
    
    idx = var_curve.notna()
    
    violations = ret[idx] < var_curve[idx]
    
    coverage = bern_test(p=alpha, v=violations) < ss.chi2.ppf(significance, 1)
    independence = ind_test(violations) < ss.chi2.ppf(significance, 1)
        
    print('Target share of violations: {:.2f}%'.format(100*alpha))
    print('Observed share of violations: {:.2f}%'.format(100*violations.mean()))
    
    print('')
    
    if coverage:
        print('Test for coverage is passed')
    else:
        print('Test for coverage isn\'t passed')
        
    print('')
        
    if independence:
        print('Test for independence is passed')
    else:
        print('Test for independence isn\'t passed')


backtest_data =[bonds_,  bonds_, shares_, shares_, 
                currencies_, currencies_, prices_of_assets, prices_of_assets]
backtest_data_VaRs = [bonds_VaR_1, bonds_VaR_10, shares_VaR_1, shares_VaR_10, 
                      currencies_VaR_1, currencies_VaR_1, portfolio_VaR_1, portfolio_VaR_10]

for i in range(len(backtest_data)):
    backtest_results(
    get_log(backtest_data[i]).mean(axis=1), 
    var_curve=backtest_data_VaRs[i],
    alpha=0.01, 
    significance=0.95
    )
    print('-'*50)

Target share of violations: 1.00%
Observed share of violations: 11.12%

Test for coverage isn't passed

Test for independence isn't passed
--------------------------------------------------
Target share of violations: 1.00%
Observed share of violations: 11.02%

Test for coverage isn't passed

Test for independence isn't passed
--------------------------------------------------
Target share of violations: 1.00%
Observed share of violations: 8.84%

Test for coverage isn't passed

Test for independence isn't passed
--------------------------------------------------
Target share of violations: 1.00%
Observed share of violations: 8.74%

Test for coverage isn't passed

Test for independence isn't passed
--------------------------------------------------
Target share of violations: 1.00%
Observed share of violations: 16.58%

Test for coverage isn't passed

Test for independence isn't passed
--------------------------------------------------
Target share of violations: 1.00%
Observed share of violations: 16.58%

Test for coverage isn't passed

Test for independence isn't passed
--------------------------------------------------
Target share of violations: 1.00%
Observed share of violations: 14.20%

Test for coverage isn't passed

Test for independence isn't passed
--------------------------------------------------
Target share of violations: 1.00%
Observed share of violations: 14.20%

Test for coverage isn't passed

Test for independence isn't passed
--------------------------------------------------

	SU26205RMFS3	SU26209RMFS5	SU26212RMFS9	SU26215RMFS2	SU26217RMFS8	SBER	GAZP	YNDX	MGNT	GMKN	MTSS	PIKK	AFLT	POLY	RSTI	USD	CNY
Date
2017-01-03	9.999995e+06	9.999985e+06	9.999966e+06	1.000005e+07	1.000001e+07	9.999548e+05	9.999424e+05	1.000246e+06	1.000197e+06	9.975757e+05	1.000027e+06	9.999310e+05	9.999374e+05	9.996933e+05	1.000000e+06	9.999989e+06	9.999999e+06
2017-01-04	9.999699e+06	9.999689e+06	9.999691e+06	9.999669e+06	9.999712e+06	9.999548e+05	9.999424e+05	1.000246e+06	1.000197e+06	9.975757e+05	1.000027e+06	9.999310e+05	9.999374e+05	9.996933e+05	9.999686e+05	9.999683e+06	9.999691e+06
2017-01-05	9.996329e+06	9.996336e+06	9.996366e+06	9.996339e+06	9.996370e+06	9.996598e+05	9.996056e+05	9.994400e+05	9.976027e+05	9.996008e+05	9.997099e+05	9.996513e+05	9.995957e+05	9.994833e+05	9.996360e+05	9.996368e+06	9.996351e+06
2017-01-06	9.973018e+06	9.973020e+06	9.973000e+06	9.973011e+06	9.972973e+06	9.973288e+05	9.972452e+05	9.978440e+05	1.000270e+06	9.964904e+05	9.972191e+05	9.971822e+05	9.973455e+05	9.973153e+05	9.972982e+05	9.972962e+06	9.972983e+06
2017-01-09	9.945517e+06	9.945516e+06	9.945545e+06	9.945546e+06	9.945548e+06	9.945684e+05	9.945077e+05	9.940700e+05	9.942148e+05	9.911925e+05	9.945873e+05	9.945176e+05	9.945809e+05	9.944850e+05	9.945544e+05	9.945543e+06	9.945542e+06
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2020-12-24	1.241331e+07	1.241331e+07	1.241329e+07	1.241336e+07	1.241331e+07	1.241220e+06	1.241396e+06	1.241244e+06	1.242241e+06	1.237020e+06	1.241449e+06	1.241170e+06	1.241309e+06	1.241219e+06	1.241334e+06	1.241335e+07	1.241334e+07
2020-12-25	1.236618e+07	1.236622e+07	1.236617e+07	1.236621e+07	1.236620e+07	1.236710e+06	1.236584e+06	1.235000e+06	1.238162e+06	1.231190e+06	1.236714e+06	1.236794e+06	1.236588e+06	1.237071e+06	1.236619e+06	1.236618e+07	1.236619e+07
2020-12-28	1.233878e+07	1.233874e+07	1.233875e+07	1.233874e+07	1.233876e+07	1.233851e+06	1.233787e+06	1.231712e+06	1.234243e+06	1.238186e+06	1.233846e+06	1.233874e+06	1.233875e+06	1.233646e+06	1.233878e+06	1.233880e+07	1.233877e+07
2020-12-29	1.235623e+07	1.235627e+07	1.235620e+07	1.235620e+07	1.235628e+07	1.235660e+06	1.235666e+06	1.233198e+06	1.233744e+06	1.229072e+06	1.235667e+06	1.235852e+06	1.235624e+06	1.235177e+06	1.235624e+06	1.235624e+07	1.235624e+07
2020-12-30	1.236769e+07	1.236769e+07	1.236769e+07	1.236771e+07	1.236771e+07	1.236787e+06	1.236771e+06	1.235927e+06	1.235290e+06	1.229176e+06	1.236845e+06	1.237062e+06	1.236784e+06	1.236571e+06	1.236768e+06	1.236768e+07	1.236768e+07

	IMOEX.ME	BZ=F	RTS	D_JPY	D_EUR	D_GBP	Gold	Argent	Platine	Palladium	...	0.75	1	2	3	5	7	10	15	20	30
Date
2017-01-03	2285.429932	55.470001	1109.39	0.521610	64.056503	75.184998	2264.82	31.68	1869.86	1455.83	...	8.43	8.40	8.25	8.21	8.22	8.28	8.42	8.66	8.85	9.09
2017-01-04	2263.899902	56.459999	1109.39	0.517870	63.111469	74.559998	2264.82	31.68	1869.86	1455.83	...	8.43	8.39	8.18	8.14	8.19	8.29	8.44	8.69	8.88	9.12
2017-01-05	2220.350098	56.889999	1109.39	0.514930	62.432350	74.359001	2264.82	31.68	1869.86	1455.83	...	8.42	8.37	8.17	8.13	8.16	8.24	8.37	8.63	8.84	9.09
2017-01-06	2213.929932	57.099998	1045.63	0.514980	62.352619	73.753998	2264.82	31.68	1869.86	1455.83	...	8.36	8.35	8.24	8.17	8.15	8.21	8.35	8.60	8.80	9.06
2017-01-09	2211.250000	54.939999	1100.58	0.509430	62.233082	73.193001	2264.82	31.68	1869.86	1455.83	...	8.56	8.49	8.23	8.16	8.11	8.12	8.21	8.43	8.63	8.90
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
2020-12-24	3236.879883	51.200001	1378.33	0.566937	69.389999	81.236923	4529.59	62.52	2459.96	5667.14	...	4.32	4.39	4.70	5.03	5.54	5.89	6.27	6.65	6.85	7.06
2020-12-25	3236.879883	51.200001	1378.36	0.566937	69.389999	81.236923	4505.61	60.91	2456.66	5601.48	...	4.30	4.37	4.68	5.00	5.51	5.88	6.26	6.61	6.79	6.96
2020-12-28	3258.949951	50.860001	1391.31	0.566937	69.389999	81.236923	4505.61	60.91	2456.66	5601.48	...	4.25	4.33	4.65	4.97	5.49	5.86	6.26	6.63	6.82	7.00
2020-12-29	3274.669922	51.090000	1398.48	0.566937	69.389999	81.236923	4438.08	61.10	2419.84	5517.53	...	4.11	4.21	4.60	4.94	5.46	5.84	6.24	6.65	6.87	7.07
2020-12-30	3289.020020	51.340000	1387.46	0.566937	69.389999	81.236923	4437.61	61.05	2465.21	5612.44	...	4.05	4.18	4.57	4.91	5.47	5.87	6.27	6.62	6.80	6.96

1. Загрузка данных¶

2. Описательная статистика риск-факторов¶

4. Симуляции риск-факторов¶

Генерация скоррелированных приращений¶

Процентные ставки ~на спорт~¶

Оставим 3 главные компоненты, так как это минимальное кол-во компонент, объясняюшее больше 95% дисперсии.¶

Драгоценные металы¶

Индексы¶

Черное Золото и валюта¶

Предсказание¶

5. Составляем портфель и перебалансируем на каждый день¶

Облигации¶

Акции¶

Валюты¶

Портфель¶

VaR и ES без риск факторов на гарчах¶

Облигации¶

Акции¶

Валюты¶

Бектесты¶